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Night and after-hours work risk assessment

Risk changes after dark: fewer people on site, slower response, more fatigue, and access routes that feel different at 11pm than they do at 11am. Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015, a PCBU must assess night and after-hours work in its own right, not as a footnote to the daytime assessment. This template covers the hazards daytime assessments miss.

Who it's for: Managers rostering staff outside standard hours in healthcare, retail, transport and utilities, including on-call and call-out work.

Free to use and adapt · Last updated 2026-07-27 · No email required

Assessment details

Site or route being assessed
Roles and shifts covered e.g. night fill crew 10pm to 6am, on-call fault response
Minimum overnight headcount The lowest number of workers on site at once, including one
Assessor and date
Review date

Night-specific hazards

Tick every factor present. Anything ticked goes into the risk table with a control.

  • Workers are alone or in pairs for all or part of the shift
  • No manager or supervisor on site overnight
  • Opening, closing or lock-up performed by one person
  • Cash counted, moved or banked outside trading hours
  • Car park, entry or perimeter poorly lit or out of sight
  • Public access continues overnight (emergency departments, fuel, transport hubs)
  • More intoxication and aggression in the client or customer mix after dark
  • Emergency services response is slower than during the day
  • Alarm or security monitoring cover differs after hours
  • Fatigue from shift length, rotation pattern or second jobs
  • Travel to or from work in the dark, including public transport
  • On-call staff attend sites alone with no one aware they have arrived

Risk rating and controls

Rate likelihood and consequence as low, medium or high. Anything rated high after existing controls needs further controls and a named owner.

HazardWho is exposedRatingExisting controlsFurther controls and owner
     
     
     
     

Controls for after-hours work

Common controls for the hazards above, strongest first. Tick what is in place and record owners for the rest.

  • Reschedule tasks that do not need to happen overnight into staffed hours
  • Two people rostered for closing, cash movements and known high-risk periods
  • A monitored duress alarm or safety app carried by every worker on site outside staffed hours
  • Overnight check-in schedule with a documented response to a missed check-in
  • Lighting on car parks, entries and paths, checked on a schedule and after failures
  • Doors locked after [time] with controlled entry, not propped open for airflow
  • Escort or pairing to vehicles at shift end
  • On-call staff log arrival and departure at every site attendance
  • Fatigue limits on shift length and consecutive nights, with a rule for call-outs after midnight
  • After-hours contact tree tested, not assumed

After-hours escalation

Overnight check-in contact and schedule
Missed check-in response Who does what, within how many minutes
Emergency number 111
After-hours manager escalation
Security or patrol provider and response time, if used

Sign off and review

Completed by [assessor], approved by [manager] on [date]. Review by [date], after any overnight incident or near miss, or when hours, staffing or the site change.

Walk the site at night as part of this assessment. A daytime walkthrough of a night shift misses the point.

How to use it

Getting the most out of this template

  • Do the assessment at the hours being assessed. Lighting, sightlines and the feel of the site only show up after dark.
  • Ask the overnight workers what they avoid doing at night. The workarounds are your hazard list.
  • Rate the missed check-in response honestly. If no one would notice a problem for hours, that is the finding.
  • Reassess when daylight saving ends; the same 6pm shift moves into darkness.

This template is general information, not legal advice. Requirements differ by jurisdiction and industry; check the guidance published by WorkSafe New Zealand and seek advice for your specific circumstances.

Questions

Frequently asked

Does night work need its own risk assessment?
Yes, wherever the hazards differ from daytime, which they almost always do: staffing is thinner, response is slower, fatigue is higher and access routes are dark. Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015, the assessment must reflect the work as actually performed, and a 2am shift is not the same work as a 2pm one.
What is the biggest gap in after-hours safety?
Time to detection. Overnight, a worker who is hurt or threatened can go unnoticed until the morning shift arrives. Controls that shorten that window, scheduled check-ins with a tested response above all, do more than most physical measures.
How should on-call and call-out work be covered?
Treat each call-out as a short lone-work shift: log the attendance, set a check-in for the expected duration, and apply a fatigue rule to jobs after midnight. The assessment should name who is watching for an on-call worker who does not come back.

The template covers the paperwork. Duress covers the response.